Even if you choose a career entirely outside of the sciences, an understanding of thermal physics will enrich the experiences of every day of your life.
Daniel V. Schroeder
這本書(shū)遠(yuǎn)不如Baby Rudin出名,至少我的熱學(xué)老師邢雁老師并不了解這本書(shū),所以在開(kāi)始做筆記之前,還是有必要先談?wù)撘幌聲?shū)本身(其實(shí)一部分原因是我有點(diǎn)累了,想先寫(xiě)點(diǎn)輕松的)。
最早了解這本書(shū)是在3Blue1Brown的網(wǎng)站,Grant在一眾數(shù)學(xué)書(shū)中特意為這本物理書(shū)留出了位置。他是這樣說(shuō)的:
Despite my aim to keep this list purely about math books, I cannot help but include this one in the list. Simply put, it's one of the most enjoyable textbooks I've ever read, giving a very satisfying first-principles understanding of what thermodynamic concepts like temperature and entropy really are, and how we can to understand them.
Statistical mechanics is all about taking surprisingly minimal assumptions, and mathematically analyzing the life out of them to explain where the laws of thermodynamics come from. I feel all math students should at least expose themselves to this topic, if for no other reason than to see what powerful results can come from simple combinatorics. There's also value in practicing what it feels like to take a complicated expression, write an approximation that capture the core part that really matters, and use it to make experimental predictions about insanely complicated systems.
不過(guò)說(shuō)實(shí)話,這個(gè)介紹并沒(méi)有很讓人動(dòng)心,我找來(lái)電子版草草看了一下前言,不過(guò)由于讀英文版實(shí)在是需要不小的精力,而物理又不是我的“主業(yè)”,只能遺憾地束之高閣了。
后來(lái)是學(xué)到“熵”這個(gè)概念的時(shí)候,感覺(jué)困惑(顯然我高中就沒(méi)學(xué)明白),去看曹則賢老師的文章和費(fèi)曼講義的那一章,突然感覺(jué)熱學(xué)還挺有意思的,想找書(shū)來(lái)仔細(xì)看,便偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)Schroeder 教授這本Introduction to Thermal Physics 竟然有中譯本(這里要感謝機(jī)械社和閆明旗、孫克斌兩位譯者),果斷買(mǎi)來(lái)拜讀。
文首引用的話來(lái)自這本書(shū)的前言,說(shuō)實(shí)話,這本書(shū)的前言,讓我真正地感受到了Schroeder 教授對(duì)讀者的關(guān)懷,這樣的書(shū)誰(shuí)不愛(ài)呢?
言歸正傳,Schroeder 教授認(rèn)為,熱物理學(xué) thermal physics 的主要研究對(duì)象是大量的粒子,數(shù)量級(jí)通常為(10^{23}) 。對(duì)于如此龐大的對(duì)象,顯然無(wú)法過(guò)于細(xì)致地考察,故而歷史上人們首先對(duì)于這類對(duì)象發(fā)展了宏觀的研究:熱力學(xué) thermodynamics。但到此為止,還只能說(shuō)是基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)的科學(xué),沒(méi)有牢靠的理論基礎(chǔ),于是人們開(kāi)始正面研究粒子的行為,嘗試從微觀角度解釋熱力學(xué)的理論,這構(gòu)成了統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué) statistical mechanics。
至此我們有了對(duì)熱物理學(xué)的大概認(rèn)識(shí),然后是讀書(shū)或者學(xué)習(xí)方法。Schroeder 教授十分強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)題的意義:
Listening to recordings won’t teach you to play piano (though it can help), and reading a textbook won’t teach you physics (though it too can help).
這其實(shí)對(duì)我的觀點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生了非常大的觸動(dòng),在我后面一邊讀書(shū)一邊做習(xí)題的過(guò)程中,我發(fā)現(xiàn),所謂玄之又玄的“直覺(jué)”,除了“靈感”,還來(lái)自“閱歷”:當(dāng)你掌握了足夠多的例子,便不會(huì)再疑惑理論的由來(lái)和用途,在面對(duì)新問(wèn)題的時(shí)候,也能首先有個(gè)大概的估計(jì)。書(shū)中習(xí)題選擇的例子也都是離生活比較近的,比如熱氣球、咖啡加冰、雪溶化。
而這其實(shí)是我們國(guó)內(nèi)的課本所缺少的,我也算是大概地看過(guò)趙凱華老師、李椿老師的書(shū),最大的弊病(至少對(duì)初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō))就是遠(yuǎn)離實(shí)際,尤其是涉及到熱機(jī)的時(shí)候,全程對(duì)著一張p-V 圖像憑空分析,也不講熱機(jī)到底是什么樣子(說(shuō)的就是你,回?zé)崾綗釞C(jī)),學(xué)完了也不知道自己學(xué)的有什么用。當(dāng)然,趙凱華老師把物態(tài)安排到熱力學(xué)前面,本意是想緩解這個(gè)問(wèn)題,不過(guò)可惜的是他只調(diào)換了順序,卻沒(méi)在后面的章節(jié)向前勾連。
這層感悟?qū)ξ覍W(xué)數(shù)學(xué)也是大有裨益,畢竟這學(xué)期光顧著看書(shū)了,看得倒是挺開(kāi)心,卻忽視了習(xí)題和例子的重要性。
今晚已經(jīng)把第一章讀完了(包括大部分習(xí)題),等有時(shí)間來(lái)寫(xiě)寫(xiě)這一章的總結(jié)。
本文摘自 :https://www.cnblogs.com/